Category Archives: Vascular Surgery

PUBLISHED: Thoracofemoral Bypass: A Retroperitoneal Approach

Thoracofemoral Bypass: A Retroperitoneal Approach
J. Miller Allan, MDVictoria Aucoin, MDBenjamin J. Pearce, MD
UAB Hospital

Surgical intervention for aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) remains a vital tool in the management of AIOD. AIOD is caused by occlusion of the infrarenal and/or iliac arteries, often secondary to atherosclerosis. This article presents a case of a young, male patient with a history of familial hyperlipidemia and chronic tobacco use who underwent a thoracofemoral bypass (TFB) procedure via a retroperitoneal approach.

He presented with classic symptoms of bilateral leg pain when walking, nocturnal lower extremity pain, and correlated diminished lower extremity pulses. TFB was the preferred approach due to the aggressive, soft plaque burden extending into the suprarenal aorta, which precluded endovascular repair and would have increased risk for standard infrarenal aortofemoral bypass (AFB). This video and case report present a detailed explanation of a retroperitoneal approach to a TFB procedure.

PUBLISHED: Carotid Endarterectomy (Cadaver)

Carotid Endarterectomy (Cadaver)
Meghan Robinson1Laura Boitano, MD2Samuel Schwartz, MD2
1Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine
2Massachusetts General Hospital

Carotid stenosis is one of the leading causes of ischemic stroke worldwide. In the United States, nearly 800,000 strokes are reported each year, with ischemia accounting for 87% of them, and 15% traced to a carotid origin. Carotid endarterectomy represents an effective surgical treatment for carotid stenosis in preventing the risk of future ischemic stroke. This video-article demonstrates the surgical technique for carotid endarterectomy on a cadaver and discusses a typical case presentation of an individual who could potentially benefit from this procedure.

PUBLISHED: Left First Toe Amputation (Ray, Cadaver)

Left First Toe Amputation (Ray, Cadaver)
Laura Boitano, MDSamuel Schwartz, MD
Massachusetts General Hospital

Minor lower extremity amputations typically involve either toe or ray resections. The first ray is an essential component in the normal anatomy and biomechanics of the foot. By definition, the first ray consists of the hallux and the first metatarsal. The surgical procedure discussed in this educational video is a left first toe ray amputation on a cadaver. Toe amputation is a significant predictor of future limb loss. Ray amputation appears to be preferred over finger amputation in selected cases. However, the literature does not provide precise indications on when to consider a ray over a toe amputation. The choice is therefore left to the operating surgeon, based on their clinical expertise and the patient’s conditions and expectations, taking into account the underlying pathology.

PUBLISHED: Leiomyosarcoma of Inferior Vena Cava: Resection and Reconstruction

Leiomyosarcoma of Inferior Vena Cava: Resection and Reconstruction
Madhukar S. Patel, MD, MBA, ScMJahan Mohebali, MD, MPHParsia A. Vagefi, MD, FACSAlex B. Haynes, MD, MPH, FACS
Massachusetts General Hospital

Primary leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare tumors with complex anatomical relationships. Surgical resection remains the primary approach for management, with selective use of preoperative radiation and chemotherapy. Given the propensity for local invasion of these tumors, radical resection of surrounding structures is often required.

This article describes the presentation, work-up, operative management, and outcomes of these lesions through the case of a patient with a tumor involving the middle segment of the IVC. Given the extent of involvement, IVC resection with en bloc right nephrectomy, right adrenalectomy, and partial left renal vein resection was performed with vascular reconstruction using a prosthetic graft. With appropriate preoperative planning and a well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach, aggressive surgical resection can be safely performed and patients can benefit from favorable long-term survival.

PUBLISHED: Femoral Endarterectomy for Severe Peripheral Arterial Disease

Femoral Endarterectomy for Severe Peripheral Arterial Disease
Katherine L. Morrow, MD; Anahita Dua, MD, MS, MBA, FACS
Massachusetts General Hospital

This case describes an 85-year-old gentleman with significant peripheral arterial disease and lifestyle-limiting claudication who had previously undergone an unsuccessful attempt at endovascular treatment of his significant right common femoral artery stenosis.

A right common femoral endarterectomy was performed to remove this patient’s significant plaque burden. Postoperatively, the patient noted significant improvement in his right lower extremity claudication, and his postoperative pulse volume recordings showed improved arterial inflow.

PUBLISHED: Creation Of A Radial-Cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula

Creation of a Radial-Cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula
Nahel Elias, MD FACS
Surgical Director
Kidney Transplantation
Massachusetts General Hospital

AV fistulas provide the crucial vascular access required for patients receiving hemodialysis, a life-saving procedure for end-stage renal disease. Such patients have irreversible kidney damage and must receive a new kidney. While waiting, patients rely on hemodialysis to filter their blood to stay alive, and AV fistulas provide the sustainable vascular access required for hemodialysis. 

Continue reading PUBLISHED: Creation Of A Radial-Cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula

PREPRINT RELEASE: Carotid Endarterectomy (Cadaver)


Carotid Endarterectomy (Cadaver)
Harvard Medical School

Samuel Schwartz, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital

Laura Boitano, MD
Resident Physician
Massachusetts General Hospital

In this case, Dr. Schwartz and Dr. Boitano demonstrate a carotid endarterectomy on a cadaver at Harvard Medical School.

PREPRINT RELEASE: Submandibular Approach to the Mandible (Cadaver)


Submandibular Approach to the Mandible (Cadaver)
Harvard Medical School

R. John Tannyhill, III, MD, DDS, FACS
Instructor in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School

Mark Rowan, MD, DDS
Resident Physician
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School

This case presents a cadaveric demonstration of the submandibular approach to the mandible, which can be used in cases involving osteomyelitis, the management of fractures, or pathology of the mandible or submandibular gland.

PREPRINT RELEASE: Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava: Resection and Reconstruction

Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava: Resection and Reconstruction
Massachusetts General Hospital
Madhukar S. Patel, MD, MBA, ScM

Department of Surgery, MGH
Jahan Mohebali, MD, MPH
Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, MGH
Parsia A. Vagefi, MD, FACS
Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, MGH
Alex B. Haynes, MD, MPH, FACS
Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, MGH

A woman presented with back pain, and when biopsied, she was found to have an inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma - specifically involving the infrahepatic vena cava, the origin of the left renal vein, and the hilum of the right kidney. After undergoing preoperative proton beam radiation, the patient has her tumor resected en bloc by Dr. Vagefi and Dr. Haynes. They will also reconstruct the vena cava with a ringed synthetic graft covered by an omental pedicle flap.

PREPRINT RELEASE: Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair – Part 2

0109b-screenshotThoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair – Part 2
Virendra I. Patel, MD, MPH
Associate Program Director, General Surgery Residency; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Massachusetts General Hospital

Dr. Patel continues repairs on this thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in Part 2 of this two part series. Watch as he works against the clock during visceral ischemia time until blood flow from the graft is restored to all the dependent organs! (Pre-print, Part 2 of 2).

This article follows a previously released Part 1.